The Muslim kingdom of Golconda grew up on the ruins of the old Hindu kingdom of

Correct answer: Warrangal

Explanation: The correct answer is C. Warrangal. The Muslim kingdom of Golconda, which later became one of the five Deccan Sultanates, was established on the ruins of the old Hindu kingdom of Warangal. Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty, a powerful Telugu-speaking Hindu kingdom that ruled parts of present-day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh between the 12th and 14th centuries. After repeated invasions by the Delhi Sultanate, the Kakatiya kingdom finally collapsed in the early 14th century. The region eventually came under the control of the Bahmani Sultanate, and later, when the Bahmani kingdom broke into smaller states, Golconda emerged as an independent sultanate under the Qutb Shahi dynasty in the early 16th century.